Another use is working in songs that are well known. Jazz blues chord substitutions guide jamie holroyd guitar. It could be replaced under the right conditions with an e7b5. Coltrane changes coltrane matrix or cycle, also known as chromatic third relations and multitonic changes are a harmonic progression variation using substitute chords over common jazz chord progressions. It is interesting that you think in extension notes considering this. Learning jazz reharmonization techniques is not only a great way to develop jazz comping skills but it also expands application of jazz substitutions and superimpositions reharmonization techniques are often required for solo jazz guitar arrangements to create interest, interpretation and originality. In general, you can make whats called a tritone substitution on any dominant chord i. Flatfive substitution tritone another kind of chord substitution which is often used in pop and jazz music is know as flatfive substitution. Reharmonizing the melody is where it gets interesting. Feb 17, 2014 this video describes several techniques for reharmonizing melodies using chord substitution. Mark watkins received his degrees from brigham young university and indiana university and has studied with eugene rousseau, daniel deffayet, ray smith, and yushi ishiwata and jazz with david baker. Creative chord substitution for jazz guitar explains the technique of chord substitution as a tool to expand and vary existing harmonic progressions. It refers to the technique of sliding a chord or chord tone up or down, either chromatically or a tritone apart, maintaining the shape and voicing of the chord, at times resolving to the original chord.
The general chord substitution rule holds that chords that share two or more notes in common can be readily substituted for each other money chords. The easiest chord that comes to mind is the a major chord. Lets look at the next two measures for another trick and continue the principles. E c major 7 with an e in the bass, known as a slash chord and the c6. Now we will consider another resource of reharmonization. I hope that you enjoy playing through each of the examples and that they provide you with some fresh ideas to spice up your solo jazz guitar playing. In this lesson the underlying theory and practice of reharmonization. This can be applied to any 251 progression and achieves a smooth. For example, over a c7 chord i can play or solo using an em7b5 chord. A form of 4 part counterpoint 7th position counterpoint is not heard as such unless the lines have different rhythmic figures, or at least different melodic curves.
Besides acting as a substitution for the i chord, the iii chord also belongs to a iiv. We will show each method separately, because each approach is extensive. While the vi chord in major keys is also a minor 7th chord, it is not subjected to this substitution. Chord substitution jazz piano course how to reharmonise. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Reharmonization techniques add new life to old songs and. A common substitute in jazz is replacing the i chord bb in this case with its iii d7. This is a common practice in jazz and creates more voice leading. This video describes several techniques for reharmonizing melodies using chord substitution. Here we use a gdim7 which is another diminished passing chord leading us to a g chord.
The common i vi ii v substitution of replacing the i chord with a iii is used in the penultimate bar to create cyclic bass movement and a full minor ii v i. A substitution is just replacing one thing with another thing. This means that we can now convert our progression from. This means that the root is omitted, but both essential tones, the 3 and 7, are present in the chord. This method is simply using a chord from a given key diatonic in place of another chord in that key with the same harmonic function substitution. Relative majorminor reharmonization can produce a very different result than reharmonizing only with diatonic chords. Chord substitution is the term used to describe the procedure to replace, add or change a chord in a chord progression chord substitution is used to change an existing chord progression to create a new or different harmony.
Chord substitution chord substitution refers to the art of changing andor adding chords to a progression in order to create harmony that is different and more interesting. Chord substitutions sound scary, because we hear people talk about things like ah yes, the quintessential tritone substitution with the dominant seventh over a flat fifth blah blah blah. Omitting the chord root gives the music a less predictable and contemporary quality. Two common devices are substitution are using tritone substitutes and diminished chords. Reharmonization techniques online course berklee online. With the substitution of chord with the same harmonic function. In this article ill discuss the first stage of reharmonization, diatonic substitution. How to reharmonize a song reharmonization the jazz.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading creative chord substitution for jazz guitar. Jun 16, 2017 the common chord progression you will see this happen in is the iviiiv. C, am, f and g to our new progression of c, a, f and g. Chord substitution reharmonization simplifying theory. A diatonic chord substitution occurs when using different notes within a scale. One of the most common techniques in jazz reharmonization is the use of substitute chords, through a technique known as tritone substitution. Feb 24, 2017 simple progressions are great, but you know whats even better. But how do you do that without losing the underlying structure of the progression. They are in fact two different expressions of the same tonality the scale is a horizontal expression, the chord a vertical expression of that tonality the complete chord contains, like. This lesson, however, will focus on substitution of minor and major chords. Staying with the progression of c, am, f and g what other chords share the notes of the am chord.
The first of each pair of arrangements tends to follow the standard harmony, but with very hip chord substitutions and voicings. This also tells me that any time we have a minor chord, we can substitute it for its major chord. This technique is based on the fact that the third and seventh degrees of a. In this video, i am going to show you some of the great sounding chord progressions you can make using maj7 chords in chord substitution, and later in the video, i am going to show you how changing one note in the voicing gives you a lot more beautiful sounds.
But when the iii replaces the i, it becomes emin7amin7dmin7g7. Through previous lessons it has become clear that a scale or mode and the scaletone chord built on the tonic of that scale are closely related. If you were to eat vanilla ice cream every day for a year, not only would you gain weight and considerably so you would also quickly tire of the flavor. Reharmonization, substitutions, and counterlines 12 preceding \7 with iv instead of ii7 page 2 14 now moving the bass a bit or 16 harmonized counterline using the 12 step approach principle try adding a iivl bass to the last 2 examples. For example, in the key of c major, the iii chord is an e7. From the c chord, instead of using our usual couple chord of dm to harmonise the little triplet run, we jump up to an fmaj7 so that the melody is the 7th of the chord, then just walk it down to an em7 and dm7. By karen daniels simply put, chord substitution is the use of one chord in place of another chord and using them is one way to give your music interest and a change in sound. This technique is based on the fact that the third and seventh degrees of a dominant chord are enharmonically the same as the seventh and third degrees of the dominant chord a tritone away. One of the most important aspects after creativity in creating harmonies and harmonic embellishments is the level of proficiency one possesses in tonal harmony. The key signature and melody of any song dictates what chords can be used. For any 7b9 chord, substitute a diminished chord built one halfstep up. How to substitute chords from the same harmonic function. Before starting the following exercise, it is assumed that you already understand extension.
A few dom7th substitutions tritones and diminished chords. Mark watkins received his degrees from brigham young university and indiana university and has studied with eugene rousseau, daniel deffayet, ray. As mentioned before, this substitution can also take place with the ii chord. Many chord substitutions are available suspended, diminished 7 th, etc. By the way, we could even take this chord progression an extra step further by adding a a chord substitution for the iv degree the second degree.
Reharmonization techniques using mapping tonal harmony pro. Substituting chromatic chords within the iii vi ii v i progression for the sake of variety, coloration and creativity, composers or even players substitute chromatic chords chords that have one or more notes not in the key signature of the song. Depending on the note in the melody, swapping out the chord could create some unwanted dissonances that detract from the point of the substitution. Common reharmonization techniques engaging students. The first substitution you will come across as a jazz musician will likely be tritone substitution. Ive been playing guitar for around 30 years but only started using thumb chords last year. In this example, then, a soloist might solo over the ii and the v portion of the progression fm7 and bb7 using more conventional. This substitution is made by replacing a dominant chord with a new dominant chord whose root is a diminished fifth interval above the. November 2009 edited november 2009 in gypsy jazz 101 posts. The two intervals to avoid when substituting chords are b9s and tritone. When reharmonizing a chord progression its important to keep an eye on the relationship between the chords and the melody. Chord progressions and substitutions jazz reharmonization. That is not to say that every tune should have 20 chords in the first measure. Reharmonizations and substitutions 7th chords and scale harmonization reharmonizing.
In this example a bdim replaces the g7 which is the chord on the 3rd of a g7b9. Reharmonization techniques using mapping tonal harmony pro harmonizing and reharmonizing a melody is an essential skill for performers, jazz players, arrangers and composers. A great part of the blues progression to apply this technique to is bar 7. Its important to note that in this example the vi chord has been made into a dominant 7 chord vi. In short, every key has primary chords built off the 1st, 4th, and 5th tones of the scale.
This chord progression is very pleasant to the ear since its consequently moving down in thirds which makes it clearer in the ear of the listener. Planing is a reharmonization technique used by both improvisers and arrangers. This chord substitution for dominant 7th chords is very useful in a jazz setting when soloing or playing rhythm because both chords share many common tones. Simple progressions are great, but you know whats even better. Sep 19, 2019 the g chord has been changed to a g7 gbdfwhich builds extra tension by adding another note that wants to resolve a half step into the c chord.
Reharmonization is just chord substitution but for an entire chord progression. Another kind of chord substitution is accomplished by rearranging the notes of a chord to produce a new chord. The theories of advanced harmony discussed here will enable any guitarist to have, at his fingertips, seemingly endless possibilities of chordal color possibilities that will take him far. Substituting chords by karen daniels simply put, chord substitution is the use of one chord in place of another chord and using them is one way to give your music interest and a change in sound. Jazz chord substitution theory and applications we all get bored of the same thing if we have too much of it.
I touched on primary chords and chord substitutions in this post last week, but today, i want to take it a step further. I recommend you go check out that post on primary chords as a primer to this lesson. Its the most natural form of chord substitution because no note alterations take place. In tritone substitution, a dominant chord is replaced by another dominant chord a tritone above its tonic. The g chord has been changed to a g7 gbdfwhich builds extra tension by adding another note that wants to resolve a half step into the c chord. Below is an example of some of the chords in the key of c major that are inversions of each other and can usually be used interchangeably. Reharmonization and back cycling for chord melody playing. The second arrangement of each pair totally reconceives the harmonic structure of the tune, offering the reader the opportunity to hear some really exciting harmonic possibilities for otherwise pretty runofthemill. Within the diatonic chord family see this intro lesson on chord progressions, another good substitution to try is the iii for the i. Since the chords in the new tonal center are relative chords, the melody for the most part will work over any other chord in the new scale. Again, rather than start with the traditional g chord, were going to start preparing for the final g by inserting our dominant prep chord am. Note we still maintain a progression of 5ths, starting with the bbmaj7. This strategy summarizes itself in a replacement of a chord for another one with the same harmonic function of it.
Learn unlimited ways to harmonize melody lines and progressions jazz masters series kindle edition by arkin, eddie. The key signature just lets you know what key the song is based in, but you may find other notes that are foreign to the key. The iii makes a nice transition chord between the i and iv and between the i and v. Chord substitutions secrets to chord substitutions. A basic rule of thumb when substituting chords is that a chord can be substituted for another if the chords has at least two notes in common. The f7 line is using the f7 arpeggio that resolves to d. In the key of g, that means substituting a bm for a g. Again, a soloist or comper using this sound on a major seventh chord in the context of, for example, a ii v i progression in the key of eb would usually only switch to the sound over the i chord.
1257 1158 92 981 1412 645 686 368 1080 631 931 344 1401 1628 358 284 356 729 1513 1092 884 520 885 15 1454 352 495 747 324 491